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Ich erkläre alles. Inseparable Prefix Verbs in German

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Separable Prefix Verbs

In a recent post, we took a look at separable prefix verbs in German, verbs with prefixes that separate from the main verb. Take mitgehen (to go with/along) as an example:

  • Ich will mitgehen.
    I want to go along.
    mit + gehen stay together in the infinitive.
  • Ich gehe mit.
    I go along.
    mit separates from the present tense
  • Ich ging mit.
    I went along.
    mit separates from the simple past tense
  • Ich bin mitgegangen.
    I went along.
    mit is separated from the past participle of gehen
  • Ich habe vor, mitzugehen.
    I intend to go along.
    mit is separated from gehen in the zu infinitive
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Inseparable Prefix Verbs

Not all prefixes in German are separable, though. There are a few common prefixes that never separate from the main verb.

  • be-       
    befehlen
    (to command), befinden (to be located), befreunden (to befriend), bekommen (to get, to become)
  • emp-    
    empfinden
    (to sense, to feel), empfehlen (to recommend), empfangen (to receive),
  • ent-      
    entfernen
    (to remove), entdecken (to discover), entkleiden (to undress), entlassen (to release)
  • er-        
    erklären
    (to explain), ertrinken (to drown), sich erinnern (to remember)
  • ge-        
    gebrauchen (to use), gestehen (to confess), gehören (to belong to)
  • ver-      
    verkaufen
    (to sell), verschlafen (to oversleep), verkommen (to become run down)
  • miss-    
    missfallen
    (to displease), missverstehen (to misunderstand), misstrauen (to mistrust)
  • zer-       
    zerstören
    (to destroy), zerreißen (to rip up)

Present Tense

When you conjugate an inseparable prefix verb in the present tense, the prefix remains attached to the main verb.

  • Der Lehrer erklärt die Antwort.
    The teacher explains the answer.
  • Verkaufen Sie Handys?
    Do you sell cell phones?
  • Die Kinder missfallen ihren Eltern.
    The children displease their parents.

Modals

Here are a few examples with modal verbs.

  • Du musst gestehen.
    You have to confess.
  • Wir können es nicht entfernen.
    We can’t remove it.
  • Ich möchte meiner Chefin nicht missfallen.
    I don’t want to displease my boss.

Present Perfect

In the present perfect tense, you know that the prefixes remain attached to the verb. But there’s one other thing to remember: there’s no ge– on the past participle, unlike other German verbs.

  • Ich habe heute Morgen verschlafen.
    I overslept this morning.
  • Wir haben letzte Woche unsere Wohnung verkauft.
    We sold our apartment last week.
  • Der Sturm hat das Haus zerstört.
    The storm destroyed the house.
  • Der Kellner hat einen sehr guten Wein empfohlen.
    The server recommended a very good wine.

While we’re talking about past participles that don’t take ge-, remember that borrowed verbs ending in –ieren also behave this way: telefonieren/telefoniert (to phone/phoned), analysieren/analysiert (to analyze), probieren/probiert (to taste, try), informieren/informiert (to inform).

  • Ich habe mit meiner Mutter telefoniert.
    I talked to my mom on the phone.
  • Wir haben das Problem analysiert.
    We analyzed the problem.
  • Sie hat die Suppe probiert.
    She tasted the soup.
  • Herr Meier hat die Chefin über die Änderung informiert.
    Mr. Meier informed the boss of the change.

But there are a few “native” German verbs ending in –ieren that behave regularly, for example schmieren/geschmiert (to spread), sich zieren/geziert (to act coyly).

  • Du hast wieder zuviel Butter auf das Brot geschmiert!
    You spread too much butter on the bread again!
  • Sie hat sich etwas geziert, aber dann hat sie ja gesagt.
    She acted a little coy, but then she said yes.

Zu Infinitives

And finally, here are a few examples with zu infinitives.

  • Er hat vor, sein Unternehmen zu verkaufen.
    He intends to sell his company.
  • Das ist schwer zu erklären.
    This is difficult to explain.
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