Italian Indefinite Articles are a Key Point of Italian Grammar

Italian indefinite articles (a, an) are a very important part of Italian grammar, because you use them all the time. They come in the forms un, una, un’, and uno. These forms change depending on the gender of the noun – whether it’s masculine or feminine – and also on the first sound of the noun.

If you’re interested in learning about Italian definite articles (the), check out this post.

Italian Grammar Basics: Masculine or feminine?

Remember that every noun in Italian is either masculine or feminine, and the articles that you use with them depend on the gender of the noun. This is a key part of Italian grammar. The basic forms of Italian indefinite articles are un (masculine) and una (feminine.)

• un bicchiere
  a cup
• un computer
  a computer
• una bottiglia
  a bottle
• una donna
  a woman

una → un’

Before nouns that begin with a vowel sound, una becomes un’ to avoid having two vowel sounds right next to each other. Masculine un doesn’t change since it already ends in a consonant, not a vowel like una.

• un’italiana
  an Italian woman
• un italiano
  an Italian man
• un espresso
  an espresso
• un’arancia
  an orange

un → uno

In front of nouns beginning with s + another consonant (st, sp, etc.) or z, masculine un becomes uno. This is also to avoid too many similar sounds in a row, in this case a bunch of consonants.

• uno studente
  a (male) student
• uno spagnolo
  a Spanish man
• uno zucchero
  a [packet of] sugar
• uno specchio
  a mirror

You don’t have to worry about this with feminine nouns, since you’ve already got the -a there to break things up.

• una studentessa
  a (female) student
• una strada
  a street

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